Complications Diabetes Type 1

by John Hash

Type 1 diabetes : Type 1 diabetes is affecting about five % of all people who have diabetes.It is often referred to as juvenile diabetes because there is a increased rate of diagnosis in kids between the ages of 10 and fourteen, but people of any age group can develop type 1 diabetes. It may also be called insulin-dependent diabetes, because diabetes pills are ineffective in treating the high blood glucose level ; these people require injections of insulin to manage their blood glucose.

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Typically, white blood cells are responsible for recognizing foreign objects in our blood and then attacking these foreign objects with antibodies. In type 1 diabetes, the white cells think the beta cells of the pancreas do not belong there. A swelling ensues and the white cells attack the beta cells. When enough beta cells are lost, insulin deficiency develops and blood glucose levels begin to rise.

Sometimes you can identify the viral infection that set off the attack, but generally no such sickness can be identified. This is particularly common in African and Chinese US citizens.

In type one diabetes, there is a chance of developing ketoacidosis due to the extraordinary shortage of insulin. The lack of enough insulin makes it harder for your body to use glucose for energy. If your body can't get glucose from your blood, it breaks down fats to supply energy to your cells. When this happens, ketones, which are more acidic than normal blood tissues, acquire in the blood. When more ketones are produced than your kidneys can handle, excess ketones build up in the blood. Your disease is most likely Type 1 if you develop diabetes before age 35, are lean, have a family history of diabetes treated with insulin and need insulin injections. Further tests may be done to approve the diagnosis. These tests include measuring islet-cell antibodies ( the antibodies directed to destroying the islet cells ), C-peptide level ( a measurement of the quantity of insulin being manufactured by the body ), and urine ketones.

If you have type 1 diabetes, you most likely will require insulin to regulate your glucose. However the occasional person in the earliest stages of type 1 may still have some islet cells left that secrete enough insulin so that insulin injections are not yet confirmed. Still, because the person has type 1 diabetes, their white blood cells are still attacking their islets cells, and the insulin-making beta cells are slowly being demolished. Ongoing controlled trials are currently having a look at using injections of little dose of insulin early in this diagnosis phase as a sort of decoy. It is thought the white blood cells will be distracted by the foreign insulin, taking them off the attack of the islet cells and therefore conserving insulin production in the body for a longer period.

Diabetic patients have always been worried by possible straightforward diabetes control measures which will enable them get on with their life.

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Come visit us right here for more info on Complications Diabetes Type 1. We are the greatest source of info on Diabetes today.

Type 1 Diabetes May Have a New Foe

A drug commonly used to treat non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis now also shows some promise in helping patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.

The drug, rituximab (Rituxan), helped patients keep producing some of their own insulin, even though the disease had destroyed some of their pancreatic beta cells, which produce the critical hormone, reports a study in the Nov. 26 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.

The results were on par with those seen in other studies trying experimental immune therapies for type 1 diabetes, said study lead author Dr. Mark D. Pescovitz, professor of surgery and of microbiology/immunology at Indiana University in Indianapolis.

But the findings have to be interpreted with a "little caution," warned Dr. Vivian Fonseca, professor of internal medicine at Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine and director of the Diabetes Institute at Scott & White in Temple.

"This paper doesn't appear as if this is a cure for diabetes. Patients did manage to produce more insulin themselves, but it's not a huge amount more. The insulin dose they used was a little bit less but not hugely less," he continued. "Even with this data, we're a long, long way from getting approval for using this kind of treatment. Also, the patients in the study were newly diagnosed so there is virtually no application for people who have had type 1 diabetes for some time."

But needing less outside insulin does have advantages. "We know that people who produce some of their own insulin tend to have less complications in the long term," Fonseca said. Those complications can include blindness and heart trouble, although in no way do researchers yet know if rituximab will reduce those problems in type 1 diabetics over the long-term.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the body's own immune system destroys the critical insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.

"People have been trying to change the immune system to treat type 1 diabetes, the rationale being that it's an autoimmune disease where you get antibodies that destroy the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin," Fonseca explained.

Up to now, much research has focused on the immune cells known as T-lymphocytes, the immune cells that attack the pancreas, but there has been increasing speculation that another type of cell, called B-lymphocytes, may also play a role. B cells work a step back in the process, stimulating the T cells to do their damage, Pescovitz explained. Rituximab targets B-lymphocytes.

"This deals with a whole new clinical pathway to try to deal with type 1 diabetes," he said.

In this phase 2 trial, 87 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes were randomly assigned to receive rituximab infusions or a placebo at one-week intervals for four weeks.

After one year, C-peptide levels -- an indicator of how much insulin is being produced by the body -- were higher in people taking rituximab versus those in the placebo group.

Those in the rituximab group also needed less external insulin and had fewer B cells.

Side effects faded with time, although Pescovitz pointed out that long-term adverse effects from rituximab are not yet known.

It's also not clear if this treatment would be superior to other immunosuppressive strategies, but it is certainly easier to deliver, he said.

"This [B cell] approach is all done as an outpatient basis whereas the [other agents] are done as inpatients," said Pescovitz.

And treatment over only three weeks gave a response that lasted a year, Fonseca noted.

Next, researchers need to determine if additional infusions over time will confer added benefits, and they also plan to look into ways to help the beta cells actually grow back or ways to transplant beta cells.

The study was funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health, the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International and the American Diabetes Association. Genentech and Biogen Idec, which make rituximab, provided the medication for the trial.

More information

There's more on type 1 diabetes at the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation

Genetic irregularity linked to Type-1 diabetes

Scientists have discovered a tiny genetic irregularity that boosts the expression of a key gene which may lead to the development of Type-1 diabetes.

Type-1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease, where the body attacks and destroys its own

insulin-producing cells. A serious illness, leading to many complications, it often starts in childhood or teenage years.

While there is no cure yet, prevention therapies are on the horizon, making the development of reliable screening tools critical. And that's where the current finding has promise.

Doctoral student Helen McGuire and Cecile King from Garvan Institute of Medical Research (GIMR) isolated the irregular DNA from mice that spontaneously develop Type 1 diabetes.

They also demonstrated that it increases production of very high levels of the immune stimulating molecule interleukin 21 (IL-21), according to a GIMR release.

The genetic irregularity occurs in the 'promoter region' of the IL-21 gene. In the world of genetics, the promoter region operates like the fuse on a bomb. In the same way as you need to light the fuse to set off a bomb, you need to activate the promoter region to activate a gene.

"Our study demonstrates that a small defect in the IL-21 promoter region is associated with the development of Type 1 diabetes in this model," said project leader King.

Their findings were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

Sugar Free Retro Sweet and Juvenile Diabetes

by Shen Smith

There are studies that show pleasure being the sensation generally reported by people when anything sweet lands on their tongues. Nobody knows for sure why for sure but researchers have confirmed that the taste of sugar is often perceived to be a positive experience. This is probably responsible for candies being universal food favorites. Traditional sweets are, in fact, well loved years after they first made those nostalgic goodies that we could all just get teary-eyed remembering.

Those trips to the candy store, that sweet smell that met us when we swung the door open, those big, bright and sparkling candy jars that were already eye candy to begin with - how they made our childhood sweeter. Best thing yet, now, we can still load up on the nostalgia of these goodies, thanks to online wholesale retro sweets shops that just made getting them a whole lot easier. However, we might find it a good idea as well to introduce our kids to our best friends once upon a time. Say hello to Caramacs, Wham Bars, Space Dust, Bon Bons, Chocolate raisins, Chocolate eclairs and Turkish delight, to name a few. You bet they're just going to love it.

If humans generally love anything sweet, ninety-percent of this conclusion has to do with children. However, some candy-loving kids just might find it more difficult satisfying that sweet tooth because of certain health conditions of which the most common is juvenile diabetes. It can be quite disturbing for parents to know their child has diabetes. That's because they know the kid just might develop some form of trauma having strong cravings for sweets and not being allowed to satisfy them. These days when retro sweets are making a comeback and are all around the Internet, the diabetic kid just may feel very sad.

Sometimes, parents overreact and tend to give their child the feeling that he won't be as normal as everyone else just because he has the condition. In reality, what a diabetic child needs to do to simply follow a healthy and well-balanced diet just as everyone else. He need not be made to feel different because he can still eat what he wants as long as he keeps to healthy amounts and the right balance of the right foods as taught him by his elders. This means even those old-fashioned sweets or the newer ones can still be enjoyed, but careful choices will have to be made.

For example, there are sugar free varieties from Liquorice Wood to Sugar Free Cinnamon Balls, Strawberry Blackcurrant, Cherry Sweets Chocolate Limes and so much more. There won't be a different when it comes to sweetness because these candies are made just the same from sugar, only a special type. This means those cravings won't go unsatisfied because there will always be ways to satisfy them to a T.

For more choices of sugar free retro sweets, get online and explore wholesale retro sweets shops to give your child as many sweet varieties as he deserves!

About the Author
Shen Smith is a blogger and a retro sweets enthusiast.

Bill Introduced to Fund Type 1 Research

Legislation Comes As JDRF Completes 100th Meeting with Members of Congress to Urge Support

JDRF's top legislative priority is the renewal of the Special Diabetes Program, which funds $150 million a year in type 1 diabetes research through the National Institutes of Health. Thanks to the advocacy of JDRF volunteers and staff across the country, there are several exciting new developments on this front:

A bipartisan bill was introduced in the House of Representatives to renew the Special Diabetes Program by Reps. Diana DeGette (CO) and Mike Castle (DE), co-chairs of the House Diabetes Caucus. Original co-sponsors on the bill (H.R. 3668) included Reps. Zach Space (OH), Mark Kirk (IL), Dale Kildee (MI), Tom Cole (OK), and Xavier Becerra (CA). The legislation would renew the Special Diabetes Program for five years, and includes $200 million per year in federal funding for type 1 diabetes research at the NIH - an increase over the $150 million the current SDP funds for type 1.

This week, JDRF advocates will complete their 100th meeting with members of Congress to urge them to support the SDP. These Promise to Remember Me Campaign meetings, held in local communities throughout the U.S., are a key part of JDRF's legislative strategy. Our goal is 400 meetings, and we urge families across the country to sign up for a meeting in their hometown by visiting http://www.promise.jdrf.org/.

The Special Diabetes Program is a unique program because it supplements annually-appropriated NIH research funding with a mandatory funding stream for type 1 diabetes research, as well as prevention and treatment programs for American Indians and Alaska Native populations who are disproportionately affected by diabetes. Currently, the Special Diabetes Program represents 35% of all the federal research on type 1 diabetes. This landmark program has produced tangible scientific and clinical results, and real returns on the federal investment in type 1 diabetes research. Its renewal will help researchers take full advantage of research opportunities that can improve the lives of those living with diabetes, prevent the onset of the disease in others, and bring us closer to a cure.

Diabetes Signs and Symptoms - Juvenile Diabetes & What You Must Know to Protect Your Son Or Daughter

by Diabetes info

You're concerned about diabetes signs and symptoms.
Juvenile diabetes can be so frightening when someone so vulnerable has a disease that blinds, damages kidneys and limbs, and can ultimately kill.

The good news is that there's a lot you can do. Diabetes is no longer a prognosis for a downward spiral. In fact, many diabetics live healthier lifestyles than their cohorts do.

So what do you need to know to protect your kids?

Let me go through the most common symptoms of juvenile diabetes and then give you the big 'gotchas' to look out for with kids at the end.

There are 5 common diabetes signs and symptoms.

1. Are they peeing allot?

If they are, it may be because their kidneys can't get the sugar out of their blood. It's spilling into their urine. And their urine is absorbing a lot of water. If that's the case. They've got a problem with blood glucose.

2. Are they thirsty all the time?

Remember their urine is absorbing a lot of water. They drink, they pee, they get thirsty.

3. Are they losing weight or not looking robust.

If their body can't get at the sugar in their blood, it will turn to muscle and fat and start to break itself down.

4. Are they hungry all the time?

Their cells are starvingbecause all the good energy (glucose) is in the blood but can't get into the cells. So they eat and it doesn't give them enough fuel, so they want to eat again.

5. Are they weak.

Same reason.

OK, you've got the basic diabetes signs and symptoms. Those are the common high blood sugar effects.

Now for the part that's particular to symptoms of juvenile diabetes that you might otherwise miss.

Are your son or daughter nauseous, do they have stomach pains, and do they sometimes throw up? You don't see this allot in symptoms of adult onset diabetes.

It happens to kids because ketone bodies (from the breakdown of fat we talked about) get into their blood and urine. Their blood gets thick like syrup. It doesn't circulate well. They lose lots of potassium and sodium when they pee. And they lose even more when they vomit.

In extreme cases, they can get very drowsy, lose consciousness, get ketoacidosis and die. Remember, that's the extreme case.

You can head all this off. Just take what you know about the symptoms of juvenile diabetes, and continue to take meaningful action.http://healths.cz.cc/html/2009-10-16/a-394.html

About the Author
Diabetes info

New technique developed to assess individual's risk for type 1 diabetes

A sophisticated computational algorithm, applied to a large set of gene markers, has achieved greater accuracy than conventional methods in assessing individual risk for type 1 diabetes.

A research team led by Hakon Hakonarson, M.D., Ph.D., director of the Center for Applied Genomics at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, suggests that their technique, applied to appropriate complex multigenic diseases, improves the prospects for personalizing medicine to an individual's genetic profile. The study appears in the October 9 issue of the online journal PLoS Genetics.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), in which automated genotyping tools scan the entire human genome seeking gene variants that contribute to disease risk, have yet to fulfill their potential in allowing physicians to accurately predict a person's individual risk for a disease, and thus guide prevention and treatment strategies.

The authors say that for many diseases, the majority of contributory genes remain undiscovered, and studies that make selective use of a limited number of selected, validated gene variants yield very limited results. For many of the recent studies, the area under the curve (AUC), a method of measuring the accuracy of risk assessment, amounts to 0.55 to 0.60, little better than chance (0.50), and thus falling short of clinical usefulness.

Hakonarson's team broadened their net, going beyond cherry-picked susceptibility genes to searching a broader collection of markers, including many that have not yet been confirmed, but which reach a statistical threshold for gene interactions or association with a disease. Although this approach embraces some false positives, its overall statistical power produces robust predictive results.

By applying a "machine-learning" algorithm that finds interactions among data points, say the authors, they were able to identify a large ensemble of genes that interact together. After applying their algorithm to a GWAS dataset for type 1 diabetes, they generated a model and then validated that model in two independent datasets. The model was highly accurate in separating type 1 diabetes cases from control subjects, achieving AUC scores in the mid-80s.

The authors say it is crucial to choose a target disease carefully. Type 1 diabetes is known to be highly heritable, with many risk-conferring genes concentrated in one region—the major histocompatibility complex. For other complex diseases, such as psychiatric disorders, which do not have major-effect genes in concentrated locations, this approach might not be as effective.

Furthermore, the authors' risk assessment model might not be applicable to mass population-level screening, but rather could be most useful in evaluating siblings of affected patients, who already are known to have a higher risk for the specific disease. The authors say that their approach is more effective, and costs less, than human leukocyte antigen (HLA) testing, currently used to assess type 1 diabetes risk in clinical settings.